https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06660-y
Regular Article
Investigations of gamma, neutrons, protons interaction parameters with anti-cancer drugs using EpiXS, NGCal, and PSTAR softwares
1
School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, 580031, Hubballi, India
2
Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
a nbadiger@gmail.com, nagappa.badiger@kletech.ac.in
Received:
10
February
2025
Accepted:
15
July
2025
Published online:
4
August
2025
In proton treatment, protons interact with the nuclei of cancer and healthy cells as well as beam line components to produce neutrons, protons, and gamma radiation through nuclear processes. They also kill cancer cells by causing damage to their DNA at the Bragg peak. Understanding the interaction characteristics is crucial for achieving accurate dosage delivery and treatment plan optimization. The current studies have used EpiXs to determine the gamma interaction parameters (MAC, MenAC, Γ, D, Zeff, Neff, Zeq, EBF, and EABF), NGCal software to determine the neutron interaction parameters (MAF), and PSTAR software to determine the proton interaction parameters. The findings indicate that dasatinib and gefitinib have greater gamma-ray MAC values in lower energy zones than other medications. In the energy range of 1 keV to 50 keV, dasatinib has greater Zeff values and tamoxifen has lower values. In the chosen energy zone, dasatinib and tamoxifen have greater and lower Zeq values, respectively, than other chosen medications. When compared to other chosen medications, dasatinib has the lowest EBF and EABF values, at 1 and 40 mfp. Tamoxifen and dasatinib have the highest and lowest MAF values among the medications chosen for the treatment of cancer, respectively. A Bragg peak is observed at 0.08 MeV for all selected drugs, except for gefitinib, which shows a peak around 0.06 MeV.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
