https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05826-4
Regular Article
EMIC mode instability stimulated by non-thermal non-extensive particles in non-equilibrium bi-Cairns–Tsallis distributed magnetized plasmas
1
Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics (DPAM), PIEAS, P.O. Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Center for Mathematical Sciences (CMS), PIEAS, P.O. Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Nuclear Engineering (DNE), PIEAS, P.O. Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
4
Department of Physics, Government College University (GCU), 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
5
Institute of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
6
Theoretical Physics Division (TPD), PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
Received:
14
May
2024
Accepted:
8
November
2024
Published online:
28
November
2024
In this paper, the effect of non-thermality and non-extensivity on the dispersion characteristics and excitation mechanism of proton/ion perpendicular temperature-driven electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) mode is investigated within the framework of linear kinetic theory. The dispersion relation of EMIC mode is derived by utilizing a three-dimensional bi-Cairns–Tsallis model for its both super-extensive (
) and sub-extensive (
) regimes, and the obtained results are comprehensively compared with the other plasma models. To quantify the impact of non-thermal non-extensive features (both collectively and individually) of plasma system on the dispersion behavior and growth rate, we perform exact numerical analysis to achieve unstable solutions of EMIC mode, considering a range of initial conditions typically for the solar wind. The effects of pertinent physical parameters, such as (
q)-dependent parallel plasma beta 
, proton temperature anisotropy (
), non-thermal parameter (
), and entropic index (q), on the oscillatory frequency and growth rate are thoroughly examined. Notably at kinetic scales, the nature and properties of microinstabilities are greatly influenced by the particle velocity distribution function’s shape. We infer that hybrid non-thermal non-extensive particle distribution plays a crucial role in altering the properties of EMIC instability in bi-Cairns–Tsallis distributed plasma (bi-CTDP), in contrast with other non-equilibrium plasma systems. We observed that the EMIC modes are highly unstable in super-extensive bi-CTDP. Strikingly the highest growth rate of EMIC mode instability is recorded in super-extensive bi-CTDP as compared to all other plasma systems under consideration. Moreover, the present research encompasses a comprehensive comparative analysis of EMIC instability in various plasma distributions, including super-extensive bi-CTDP, sub-extensive bi-CTDP, super-extensive bi-TDP, sub-extensive bi-TDP, bi-CDP, and bi-Maxwellian distributed plasma (bi-MDP). This study holds significant relevance for understanding the behavior of parallel-propagating EMIC modes in dilute non-Maxwellian space plasma environments.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
