https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06213-3
Regular Article
Influence of Vasyliunas-Cairns distributed non-thermal cold and hot electrons on the electron acoustic mode: a kinetic theory based exact numerical analysis
1
Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics (DPAM), PIEAS, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Center for Mathematical Sciences (CMS), PIEAS, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Nuclear Engineering (DNE), PIEAS, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
4
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
5
Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
6
Department of Physics, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
7
Department of Physics, Government College University (GCU), 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
Received:
12
November
2024
Accepted:
12
March
2025
Published online:
8
April
2025
Numerous observations from spacecraft missions have revealed that the space plasmas can be best modeled through the incorporation of nonthermal distributions. In the contemporary analysis, we investigate electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) in nonthermal plasmas. These waves propagate as a result of temperature difference between two electron species, commonly referred to as hot (
) and cold (
) electrons with 
. Both the hot and cold electrons are assumed to follow the Vasyliunas-Cairns distribution with considerations for limiting cases involving kappa and Maxwellian distributions. The Poison-Vlasov model is incorporated to calculate the longitudinal dielectric response function of electron-acoustic mode. Exact numerical analysis is performed to solve the dispersion relation equation which enables the calculation of dispersion and damping rate of electron-acoustic waves (EAWs). The influence of relevant parameters e.g., nonthermality parameters, the temperature ratio between hot and cold electrons, and the ratio of the number density of hot electrons to the total electrons is examined on the real and imaginary frequencies of the mode. In view of global modeling of naturally occurring space plasmas, this investigation contributes well to the understanding of heliospheric plasmas e.g., solar wind and magnetosphere.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
