https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05202-2
Regular Article
Analysis of HHV-8/HIV-1 co-dynamics model with latency
1
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University, P.O. Box 53, 51921, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
Received:
13
March
2024
Accepted:
22
April
2024
Published online:
22
May
2024
Numerous investigations have documented co-infection with both human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In order to investigate the co-dynamics of HIV-1 and HHV-8 within the host, we have developed a novel mathematical model represented by a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The model describes the interactions between uninfected CD4
T cells, HIV-infected CD4 T cells (both latent and active), free HIV-1 particles, uninfected B cells, HHV-8-infected B cells (both latent and active), and free HHV-8 particles. We prove that the model is biologically compatible and mathematically well-posed by looking at the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions. We identify four equilibrium points and investigate the stability of each one. We show that equilibria are globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov’s method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Numerical simulations provide an illustration of the outcomes. Sensitivity analysis is performed for the basic reproduction number of HHV-8 single-infection (
) and HIV-1 single-infection (
). A comparison of HHV-8/HIV-1 co-infections with HIV-1 or HHV-8 single-infections is presented. Interestingly, we find that when HHV-8 and HIV-1 co-infect, their concentrations are higher than when they are infections alone. This outcome is consistent with several reports given in the literature. The effect of latently infected cells on the co-dynamics of HIV-1 and HHV-8 is investigated. It is demonstrated that by including the class of latently infected cells in the co-dynamics model, both and are decreased. If a model with latently infected cells is used, then fewer treatment efficacies will be required to maintain the system at the infection-free equilibrium and eradicate both HHV-8 and HIV-1 from the body.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
