https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05604-2
Regular Article
Global analysis of HCV/HBV codynamics model with antibody immunity
1
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, 21361, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Received:
24
July
2024
Accepted:
29
August
2024
Published online:
24
September
2024
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are two infectious viruses that infect liver cells (hepatocytes). HCV/HBV coinfection has been associated with a more severe liver disease and a higher risk of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma than HCV monoinfection or HBV monoinfection. Mathematical modeling has been utilized to understand the dynamics of many coinfections to develop optimal treatments. In this paper, we formulate an HCV/HBV codynamics model with saturation infection rates and antibody immunity. The model involves seven ordinary differential equations that present the interactions between uninfected hepatocytes, HCV-infected hepatocytes, HBV-infected hepatocytes, free HCV particles, free HBV particles, HCV-specific antibodies, and HBV-specific antibodies. We execute a complete analysis of the model including proving the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions. We also calculate the steady states and prove their global stability under certain conditions. We support the results by some numerical simulations. The steady states of this model reflect four main states: The healthy state without any infections, HCV monoinfection, HBV monoinfection, and HCV/HBV coinfection. We found that changing the saturation rates or the infection rates can move the system from the healthy state to HCV monoinfection or HBV monoinfection states. Varying these values can also move the system from the monoinfection states to the coinfection state. In addition, we observed that decreasing the stimulation rates of antibody immune responses reduces the concentration of healthy cells in HCV/HBV coinfected patients. Consequently, the values of these parameters have a large impact on the system’s dynamics and need to be carefully chosen.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
