https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03591-w
Regular Article
Study of charged particles in pp collisions at 
= 13 TeV
1
Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan, Pakistan
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
3
School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, 442002, Shiyan, China
4
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
5
Baku State University, 1000, Baku, Azerbaijan
a ajaz@awkum.edu.pk, muhammad.ajaz@cern.ch
c waqas_phy313@yahoo.com, waqas_phy313@ucas.ac.cn
Received:
29
November
2021
Accepted:
12
December
2022
Published online:
22
December
2022
The charged particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity (
), transverse momentum spectra (
), average transverse momentum (
), and multiplicity as a function of the number of charged particles have been studied using various cosmic rays and non-cosmic rays Monte Carlo (MC) event generators in pp collisions at = 13 TeV. The distributions are investigated for transverse momentum, 
GeV, pseudorapidity 
and requirement of at least one charged particle produced in an event. Additionally, these measurements for reduced phase space region with a requirement of 
are also performed. We show the models’ predictions in contrast with the experimental data from ATLAS and CMS. It has been observed from these measurements that none of the discussed model-based event generators completely predict the experimental results except EPOS, which, in general, has excellent agreement with the data. The cosmic-ray (CR) simulation models can cover the central region of rapidity density distributions. Gribov’s Reggeon Field Theory (RFT)-based models treat the diffractive scattering more advanced than the CR models. The model-based observations can be constructive to re-tune some basic parameters and help to study the extrapolation at the highest possible energies. These observations can also help put possible constraints on improving the pQCD and non-pQCD-based hadronic event generators.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
