https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04016-y
Regular Article
Pseudorapidity, transverse momentum and multiplicity distributions of charged particles in pp collisions at 13 TeV
1
School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, 442002, Shiyan, China
2
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan, Pakistan
5
Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
6
Department of Physics, Xinzhou Normal University, 034000, Xinzhou, China
a
20220073@huat.edu.cn
c
akhabrani@jazanu.edu.sa
Received:
19
June
2022
Accepted:
21
April
2023
Published online:
24
May
2023
We report simulation studies of primary charged particles’ multiplicity distribution for hard events with 
> 500 MeV in pp collisions at 13 TeV. The multiplicity dependence of pseudorapidity regions of 
< 2.5 and < 0.8 has been tested with 
> 300 and 30 pico seconds where is the meanlife time of the primary charged particles. The PYTHIA8 and EPOS-LHC Monte Carlo (MC) event generators are used for the current analysis. The MC predictions are compared to the ATLAS experimental data at LHC. It is observed that the EPOS-LHC event generator has a good description of the data for the mid pseudorapidity region of < 0.8, while it deviates for the forward region. PYTHIA8 overestimates the data in the case of 
distributions. The spectra is well described by the EPOS-LHC models while the PYTHIA8 overestimates the data up to 25 % at the higher region. EPOS-LHC model again has a better prediction than the PYTHIA8 in the case of 
distributions at different and . Both the models predict better at < 0.8 than the < 2.5. It is seen that the average grows with multiplicity and shows fluctuations at high values. While the EPOS-LHC model provides a good description for < 0.8 whereas the PYTHIA8 better predicts at < 2.5 over the entire range. The observed deviations are connected with the kinematics involved in the models. Furthermore, we have applied the Tsallis distribution to the spectra of the charged particles and extracted the bulk properties regarding the effective temperature and kinetic freeze-out volume.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
