https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02271-5
Regular Article
Study of 
spectra of light particles using modified Hagedorn function and cosmic rays Monte Carlo event generators in proton–proton collisions at 
= 900 GeV
1
Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan, Pakistan
2
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
3
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) Islamabad, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
4
Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
5
College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, 346, Ajman, UAE
6
Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, 346, Ajman, UAE
Received:
8
October
2021
Accepted:
6
December
2021
Published online:
22
December
2021
Transverse momentum spectra (
) of charged particles including 
, 
and (anti-)protons measured by ALICE experiment in the range of 0.1–2.5 GeV/c and 
< 0.5 are studied in pp collisions at = 900 GeV using modified Hagedorn function with embedded transverse flow velocity and are compared to the predictions of EPOS–LHC, Pythia, QGSJET and Sibyll models. We find that the average transverse flow velocity (
) decreases with increasing the mass of the particle, while the kinetic freeze-out temperature (
) extracted from the function increases with the particle’s mass. The former varies from (0.36 ± 0.01) c to (0.25 ± 0.01) c for to protons, while the latter from (76 ± 6) MeV to (95 ± 5) MeV, respectively. The fit of the models predictions also yields the same values for and as the experimental data. The only difference is in the values of n and 
which yields different values for different models. The EPOS–LHC, Pythia and QGSJET models reproduce the data in most of the range for , EPOS–LHC and Sibyll for up to 1.5 GeV/c and EPOS–LHC for protons up to 1.6 GeV/c. The model simulations also reproduced the behavior of increasing average transverse momentum with mass reported by the ALICE experiment.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
