https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03603-9
Regular Article
Model studies of 
production ratios in pp collisions at 
, and 7 TeV
1
Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan, Pakistan
2
National Center for Physics, Shahdra Valley Road, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, 442002, Shiyan, China
4
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
5
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
6
College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, 346, Ajman, UAE
7
Nonlinear Dynamic Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, 346, Ajman, UAE
8
Department of Basic Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Jinzhong, China
a ajaz@awkum.edu.pk, muhammad.ajaz@cern.ch
c
20220073@huat.edu.cn
Received:
29
May
2022
Accepted:
27
November
2022
Published online:
10
January
2023
This paper has compared ratios between HIJING, Sibyll, and QGSJET model-based event generators. The ratios under study are 
/
, /
and 
/ as a function of rapidity y, rapidity loss (
) and 
from pp collisions at 
= 0.2, 0.9, and 7 TeV and these simulations are then compared with the STAR and LHCb fiducial phase spaces in different regions. Although the models could produce some ratios in a limited or y region, none completely predicts the experimental results. The QGSJET has good predictions with the data in most cases, but since the model does not include 
particle definition, it does not give any predictions for / ratios. The extrapolation to the highest possible energies can be studied by re-tuning some basic parameters based on current and previous measurements. These kinds of systematic comparison studies are also helpful in applying certain constraints on the pQCD and non-pQCD-based hadronic event generators to significantly improve the predictions of Standard Model physics at the RHIC and LHC experimental data for the understanding of underlying physics mechanisms in high energy collisions.
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