https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03189-2
Regular Article
Particle species and energy dependencies of freeze-out parameters in high-energy proton–proton collisions
1
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
2
Theoretical Physics Center for Science Facilities, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
3
Institute of Theoretical Physics & State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
4
Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan, Pakistan
5
College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
6
Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, UAE
7
Physical-Technical institute of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 100084, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
8
Future University in Egypt (FUE), 5th Settlement, 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
b
gxpeng@ucas.ac.cn
d ajaz@awkum.edu.pk, muhammad.ajaz@cern.ch
Received:
1
February
2022
Accepted:
12
August
2022
Published online:
12
September
2022
We used blast wave model with Tsallis statistics to analyze the experimental data measured by ALICE Collaboration in proton–proton collisions at Large Hadron Collider and extracted the related parameters (kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freeze-out volume of emission source) from transverse momentum spectra of the particles. We found that the kinetic freeze-out temperature and kinetic freeze-out volume are mass dependent. The former increase while the latter decrease with the particle mass which is the evidence of a mass as well as volume differential kinetic freeze-out scenario. Furthermore, we extracted the mean transverse momentum and initial temperature by an indirect method and observed that they increase with mass of the particles. All the above discussed parameters are observed to increase with energy. Triton (t), hyper-triton (
) and helion (
) and their anti-matter are observed to freeze out at the same time due to isospin symmetry.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
