https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06579-4
Regular Article
Coil failure effect in geomagnetic field compensation for particle detectors
1
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Calvo Sotelo 18, 33007, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
2
MOMA, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Independencia 13, 33004, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
3
Departamento de Explotación y prospección de Minas, Universidad de Oviedo, Independencia 13, 33004, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
4
Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Oviedo, Calvo Sotelo 18, 33007, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
Received:
21
March
2025
Accepted:
21
June
2025
Published online:
10
July
2025
Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in large Cherenkov detectors suffer from efficiency loss due to the Earth’s geomagnetic field, which alters electron trajectories. Active compensation using current-carrying coils is an effective solution but is susceptible to failures that can compromise the homogeneity of the compensated field and degrade detector performance. This study systematically analyzes the impact of individual coil failures on geomagnetic compensation, focusing on key evaluation parameters: the proportion of PMTs exposed to residual perpendicular magnetic field exceeding acceptable limits (
) and the average residual perpendicular field (
). Furthermore, a fail-safe connection system utilizing multi-core cables and external reconnection points is introduced, mitigating the effects of coil malfunctions and ensuring more stable long-term performance of large-scale detectors.
© The Author(s) 2025
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