https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06584-7
Regular Article
Antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic spin-1 Blume-Capel model of diatomic molecules
Department of Physics, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Türkiye
Received:
17
February
2025
Accepted:
24
June
2025
Published online:
10
July
2025
The diatomic molecules of two spin-1 atoms are placed at each site of the Bethe lattice with the coordination number three. It is assumed that each molecule can interact with its atoms using various bilinear interaction parameters. The atoms of a molecule, in addition to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions of the atoms inside each molecule, interact with FM and AFM interactions with the two atoms of the nearest-neighbor molecules. This choice of interactions is the only configuration that does not cause any frustration. Moreover, every atom, i.e., every molecule, is under the influence of the crystal field and the external magnetic field. The thermal analysis of the magnetizations of the model, i.e., the membership of the atoms to a molecule and to the sublattices, has shown the existence of first- and second-order phase transitions as well as the bicritical and tricritical points.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
