https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06425-7
Regular Article
Influence of parity-time symmetry on surface plasmon resonance and Goos–Hänchen shift
1
School of Artificial Intelligence, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Precision Optics, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, 442002, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
2
Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
3
Quantum Optics Lab, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
4
Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Physics, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Received:
10
January
2025
Accepted:
13
May
2025
Published online:
3
June
2025
In this study, we propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) scheme that operates without a coupler, featuring a simple structure comprising an upper metal layer and a bottom layer of atomic lattices. Parity-time symmetry (PTS) can be achieved in the bottom layer through the application of a microwave field, enabling the manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) within the system. The excitation of SPPs remains feasible when the real part of the permittivity of the bottom layer is less than 1. Our findings indicate a significant enhancement in SPPs excitation when PTS is present in the atomic lattice layer. Control of the SPPs is further achieved via an external microwave field, which can function as a switch in an SPR sensor. Additionally, we examine the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift in the reflected probe beam under the influence of PTS. Enhanced negative and positive GH shifts are observed when SPPs are excited, with the ability to control these shifts using the microwave field. This control over GH shifts provides valuable insights into the propagation dynamics of surface plasmonic waves within the system.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
