https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05298-6
Regular Article
Numerical investigation of MHD natural convection in a hexagonal enclosure with heated corrugated cylinder
1
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Mathematics and Physics, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Mathematics, Air University, Sector E-9, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
Received:
16
January
2024
Accepted:
21
May
2024
Published online:
8
August
2024
The MHD natural convection with nanofluids has a wide range of applications in engineering, industries, environmental sciences, and material sciences. In this paper, a detailed numerical investigation is carried out for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection of a Newtonian ferrofluid within a hexagonal enclosure containing a heated corrugated cylinder. The parallel (upper and lower) walls of hexagonal enclosure are adiabatic and the other two walls are kept cold, while the inner corrugated cylinder is heated at constant temperature. The physical problem is described by the mathematical model of differential equations by using Boussinesq approximation. The finite element method is employed for the numerical solution of dimensionless system of the differential equations with dimensionless parameters such as the Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, and number of corrugations. We examine the multiple factors, such as the applied magnetic field, ferrofluid properties, and number of corrugations. This study comprehensively explains the distribution of velocity and temperature profile in the presence of magnetic field within the enclosure. The average Nusselt number is investigated with respect to the variations in physical parameters and is treated as a significance of indicated results. Moreover, as the Hartmann number increases, the average Nusselt number significantly decreases within the range of Rayleigh number 
which shows the interference of the magnetic field. Hereafter, the system exhibits a progressively increasing behavior in heat transfer with an increase in the volume fraction of the ferrofluid. The average Nusselt number demonstrates a 2.59% decline by introducing the Hartman number. Conversely, the presence of nanoparticles leads to a significant increase of 6.12%. However, this increase is suppressed by 3.47% when a magnetic field is introduced against nanoparticles. Additionally, the highest average Nusselt number of 5.3% is observed at eight corrugations, while the lowest value of 3.4% is seen at “3” corrugations. These results are well matched with the previous results which is the evident of the proposed study and can be implemented for the other complex geometries.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
