https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-05979-w
Regular Article
Numerical study of natural convection heat transfer in a curve-shaped enclosure with MHD effects and hybrid nanofluids
1
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Mathematics and Physics, Anqing Normal University, 246133, Anqing, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Mathematics, Air University, Sector E-9, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
Received:
4
December
2024
Accepted:
2
January
2025
Published online:
11
January
2025
A computational analysis was performed in a curve-shaped enclosure stuffed with a hybrid 
nanofluid influenced by a magnetic field. The free convective flow within the chamber is driven by the temperature variation between a cool external curve-shaped enclosure, a heated interior elliptical cylinder, and the upper horizontal wall. The Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) is applied to solve the governing equations, using COMSOL multiphysics as the simulation platform. A quantitative parametric study is conducted for different values of the Hartmann number, nanoparticle volume concentration, Rayleigh number, and varying radii of the interior elliptical cylinder. The findings are presented in terms of the streamlines, temperature contours, and both 
and 
, taking into account variations in significant physical parameters. The outcomes show that the rate of thermal transport significantly escalates with higher concentrations of the hybrid nanofluid and 
; on the other hand, a contrary trend is observed with an increased Hartmann number. Furthermore, the rises with higher values of and 
but declines as the 
increase. The velocity profile grows by 93.5% as increases, but it diminishes by 25.8% with changes in the radius of the inner obstacle.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
