https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05406-6
Regular Article
Oscillating multi-node solitons in spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
1
Research Group of Nonlinear Optical Science and Technology, Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, China
2
Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, East of Guilan, University of Guilan, Rudsar-Vajargah, Iran
3
State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, China
b
liufeiyan1024@163.com
d
qinzhou@whu.edu.cn
Received:
11
May
2024
Accepted:
27
June
2024
Published online:
25
July
2024
We investigate the impact of spin-orbit coupling on bright/dark solitons in spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates subjected to a spatiotemporally varying external potential. By using the Hirota’s bilinear method, the solutions of one- and two-solitons in the three-coupled Grose-Pitaevskii (GP) equation are constructed under different space-time rotated parity-time (PT) symmetric potentials. Solitons oscillate in the x-direction due to spin-orbit coupled (SOC) strength, resulting in a multi-node structure, but the SOC strength does not affect the structure of solitons in the overall system. Specifically, the background plane of dark solitons also oscillates periodically along the x-direction. The increase in SOC intensity leads to the reduction of soliton oscillation period and dark soliton background plane oscillation period, resulting in more frequent oscillations of solitons and dark soliton background planes. Through asymptotic analysis of bright/dark two-solitons, the elastic interaction is discovered in the collision of two-solitons. By calculating the total spin, it is evident that the polar bright/dark solitons are achieved owing to the SOC intensity.
Copyright comment Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
