https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05440-4
Regular Article
Fractional-order effect on the dynamics and lifetime of ring dark solitons in two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates
1
Research Group of Nonlinear Optical Science and Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Wuhan Textile University, 430200, Wuhan, China
2
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Intelligent Control, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, Xianning, China
3
School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, Xianning, China
b
zhongyu15@mails.ucas.ac.cn
c
dingcui258@163.com
Received:
13
May
2024
Accepted:
10
July
2024
Published online:
19
July
2024
We investigate numerically the dynamics and lifetime of ring dark solitons in two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates with the fractional-order effect. The motion of fractional-order vortex dipoles is similar to that of integer-order trajectories. Still, the dynamics and lifetime of ring dark solitons vary depending on the Lévy index, with differences arising from distinct initial depths and eccentricities. The smaller the Lévy index, the earlier the snake instability of the shallow elliptic ring dark solitons, the more periodic motion they can make at the same time, the faster the speed, and vice versa. With a small Lévy index, the deep elliptic ring shows complex dynamic behavior under different Lévy indices, and finally, other numbers of vortex dipoles are left for periodic motion. The shallow-ring dark solitons with large Lévy index have better lifetime over long distances. Still, deep ring dark solitons with smaller Lévy index decay earlier, and have shorter lifetime.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
