https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03274-6
Regular Article
Numerical assessment of freezing of water in existence of nanoparticles inside container
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mathematics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Humanities Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz, University, 710-11912, Al-Aflaj, Saudi Arabia
Received:
27
May
2022
Accepted:
7
September
2022
Published online:
10
October
2022
In this article, utilizing curved wall for container and dispersing nanoparticles were utilized as method of promotion of efficacy of system. Container has two cold surfaces with shapes elliptic and sinusoidal. So, ice front has close curved form during the freezing. Alumina nanoparticles with three sizes have been exploited and efficacies of diameter of powders were involved. Galerkin’s approach for modeling the present problem has good accuracy and utilizing an adaptive grid may be one reason for such accuracy. As nanoparticle is added to the water, the requested time declines by 41.26%. The highest impact of concentration belongs to particles with a radius of 20 nm. Given ϕ = 0.04, as the diameter of particles alters from minimum to maximum values, the freezing time firstly declines about 20.01% then it increases around 49.3%.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
