https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01934-7
Regular Article
Management of pine forests by assessment of insect pests and nematodes
1
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan
2
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Campus H-12, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
CONACyT-Tecnológico Nacional de México/CENIDET, Interior Internado Palmira S/N, Col. Palmira, C.P. 62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Received:
26
May
2021
Accepted:
31
August
2021
Published online:
7
September
2021
In this work, we discussed the pathways and mechanisms responsible for transmission of nematode from bark beetles to pine trees and vice versa. The deterministic model, treated in this paper, seems quite robust in its qualitative behaviour. In order to check the fidelity of model and its implementation, we took the real data of pines which became infected in Korea from 2010–2019. Our model shows almost accurate estimate of infectious pine trees appeared in Korea. The severity of disease has been checked through the calculation of sensitivity indices of the contact parameter 
with respect to all the parameters. The results obtained by varying the parameters for infectious class of hosts and vectors have also been used to design effective control strategies to reduce the infection. Efficacy of controls has been shown through numerical simulations.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
