https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06767-2
Regular Article
A novel image encryption scheme with synchronous permutation–diffusion controlled by CA and a sine-cosine-optimized CML model
1
College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
4
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, 550025, Guiyang, China
Received:
18
July
2025
Accepted:
18
August
2025
Published online:
6
September
2025
A novel sine-cosine-optimized coupled map lattices (SCOCML) is proposed, which integrates the cellular automata (CA)-guided non-adjacent coupling method and is constructed upon the sine-cosine-optimized (SCO) map. Within the given parameter range, dynamics analysis shows that every lattice point in the proposed SCOCML system sustains a chaotic state, thereby exhibiting enhanced chaotic features. Based on the SCOCML system, a novel image encryption scheme is presented. It starts with generating a plaintext-related initial key, ensuring high sensitivity to plain images. Additionally, a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) based on the dynamic gas cellular automata (DGCA) model is proposed to further improve the randomness of chaotic sequences, enabling the image cryptosystem to achieve robust security performance. Subsequently, a CA-controlled synchronous permutation–diffusion method is proposed, which utilizes the evolving states of cellular automata to dynamically perform row and column encryption, achieving an efficient and coordinated encryption effect in merely three rounds. Extensive experimental results and security analyses confirm that the proposed image cryptosystem offers excellent resistance against various attacks, achieving information entropy > 7.999, NPCR > 99.60, and UACI 
33.45, making it suitable for practical secure image communication applications.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
