https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06649-7
Regular Article
Unravelling energy transfer mechanisms in Dy3+-doped Li2O + CaO + B2O3 glasses through optical, luminescence and JO analysis
1
Department of Physics, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Kumaraswamy Layout, 560078, Bangalore, India
2
Department of Physics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravati, 522 503, Guntur, AP, India
3
Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 38541, Gyeongsan, Korea
5
Research Unit Advanced Materials, Applied Mechanics, Innovative Processes and Environment, UR22ES04, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Gabes (ISSAT), University of Gabes, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia
6
Center for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, CRMN Sousse Techno Park, BP 334, 4054, Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
7
Department of Physics, RV Institute of Technology and Management, 560076, Bangalore, India
a
mmathi.33@gmail.com
b
nagarajb2005@yahoo.co.in
c
srinatha007@gmail.com
Received:
15
April
2025
Accepted:
12
July
2025
Published online:
31
July
2025
The demand for white light emissions from glasses is driven by the urgent need for sustainable, energy-efficient solutions that significantly enhance performance and pave the way for a greener, more efficient future across industries such as lighting, displays and communication. In view of it, herein we present the comprehensive investigation of the structural, optical and luminescence properties of Dy3+-doped Li2O + CaO + B2O3 glasses utilizing various analytical techniques, including XRD, FTIR, UV–visible and PL spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, JO analysis is carried out to support the radiative transitions, luminescence emission and energy transfer mechanism in the prepared glasses. It was evidenced that the incorporation of Dy3+ ions in the glass matrix played a pivotal role in retaining the amorphous nature and modifying essential optical attributes such as the refractive index, band gap and the intricate interactions of emission bands. The optical absorption spectra of glasses reveal eleven distinct peaks corresponding to electronic transitions from the Dy3⁺ ground state (6H15/2) to various excited states. A slight decrease in 
from 3.07 to 3.04 eV was observed with increasing Dy3+ concentration. Photoluminescence spectra recorded under excitations at 349, 364, 385 and 452 nm exhibit emission bands around 483 nm, 576 nm and 664 nm, attributed to 4F9/2 → 6HJ (J = 15/2, 13/2, 11/2) transitions, respectively. Among these, the magnetic dipole transition (4F9/2 → 6H15/2) remains unaffected by the environment, whereas the electric dipole transition (4F9/2 → 6H13/2) is hypersensitive and shows enhanced intensity. Concentration quenching observed in LCBDy₁ is attributed to resonant energy transfer (RET) or cross-relaxation (CRC), leading to non-radiative phonon-assisted energy dissipation. The LCBDy0.5 glass demonstrates the most efficient luminescence under 349 nm excitation, supported by CIE and Judd–Ofelt (JO) analysis. The JO parameters (Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4) suggest a high degree of covalency and optimal local symmetry for Dy3+ ions within the LCB glass matrix. These modifications yield correlated colour temperatures that traverse the bright white light emission as evidenced from the PL analysis and CIE studies supported by the JO analysis.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
