https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06515-6
Regular Article
Determination and reactivity of bifurcation angle and circulation of blood carrying ternary nanoparticles through the electroosmotic pumping in a catheterized stenotic bifurcated artery having compliant walls with heat transfer
1
Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Lincoln 5, 81100, Caserta, Italy
2
Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Italy
Received:
17
December
2024
Accepted:
2
June
2025
Published online:
19
June
2025
In the current work, the impacts of electroosmotic forces and bifurcation angle are investigated using a second-grade fluid model containing ternary nanoparticles (Ag(Silver), Cu(copper), and CuO(copper oxide)) through the catheterized stenotic bifurcated artery having flexible walls. The circulation system in the human body is made up of a network of veins with bifurcations. Blood flows along vessel segments in a Newtonian manner. A theoretical investigation is conducted using the developed equations in conjunction with the experimental values of blood and nanoparticles. For the sake of the normalized and uncomplicated two-directional velocity equations, mild stenotic presumption is taken into consideration. An analytical approach through programming using Mathematica is applied to obtain the closed-form solutions. Furthermore, hemodynamic effects are also calculated to analyze the flow of blood in the atherosclerotic artery. The plot of the velocity profile will allow comparison with the parent artery and the daughter artery. A graphical representation is used to illustrate the theoretical foundations of the nanoparticle-based concept in the biomedical field. Blood circulation and pressure between non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic arterial segments are considered to differ. The temperature, velocity, and wall shear stress are inversely proportional to the bifurcation angle. In two-bifurcated models, variations in bifurcation angles do not affect the parent artery segment. Smaller shear stress is observed at the corner of the external wall and relatively higher at the daughter artery part. The results of this study are very beneficial for biomedical research and drug transportation. Some of the significant observations obtained through this modeling would establish an appropriate method of developing tools or devices to manage concerns related to medication administration.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
