https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06374-1
Regular Article
High sensitivity and ultra-narrowband perfect metamaterial absorber based on graphene metasurface
1
School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, 411105, Xiangtan, People’s Republic of China
2
New Energy Institute, Hunan Vocational Institute of Technology, 411104, Xiangtan, People’s Republic of China
3
Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Microelectronics, Optoelectronics and System on A Chip, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
4
School of Physics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
5
School of Computational Science and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, People’s Republic of China
a
lbxcsu@xtu.edu.cn
b
405515532@qq.com
Received:
5
January
2025
Accepted:
26
April
2025
Published online:
20
May
2025
In this paper, high-quality-factor, high-sensitivity dual-narrowband absorption can be achieved via Fabry–Perot resonance. Quantitative research is performed to assess the impact of monolayer graphene on plasmon resonance absorption. The absorption rates corresponding to the frequencies of f1 = 26.73995 THz and f2 = 26.75145 THz, as demonstrated by the results, are 99.72 and 99.64%, respectively. The proposed structure exhibits two ultra-narrow absorption bands with a remarkably small frequency interval (∆f ≈ 11.5 GHz). The absorber functions as a sensitive refractive index detector with high sensitivity and high-quality factors of 11383.59 and 4.2857 THz/RIU. Uniquely, the absorber combines ultrahigh sensitivity (S2 = 4.2857THz/RIU) and record-breaking quality factors (Q > 11,000), significantly surpassing prior designs. Polarization-insensitive absorption is ensured by the symmetric C4 configuration, while dynamic tunability is demonstrated via Fermi-level modulation (0.4 eV ≤ Ef ≤ 1.0 eV), enabling active spectral shifting of resonance peaks without compromising absorption efficiency. These advancements, supported by coupled-mode theory and full-wave simulations, establish the device as a versatile platform for high-precision refractive index sensing, optical switching, and multifunctional mid-infrared photonic systems. The high 
and high sensitivity of the design make it possible for the absorber to be used in optical detectors and mid-infrared refractive index sensors.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
