https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06276-2
Regular Article
Using a quantum SWAP engine to experimentally validate thermodynamic uncertainty relations
Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Mohali, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, 140306, Manauli PO, Punjab, India
Received:
24
October
2024
Accepted:
28
March
2025
Published online:
2
May
2025
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) arise from the bounds on fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities during a non-equilibrium process, and they impose constraints on the corresponding process. We experimentally implement a quantum SWAP engine on a nuclear magnetic resonance setup and demonstrate that a Gibbs thermal state can be prepared in two different ways, either directly from a thermal equilibrium state or by first initializing the system in a pseudopure state. We show that the quantum SWAP engine can work both as a heat engine and as a refrigerator. Starting from a pseudopure state, we construct the SWAP engine and investigate the validity of two different TURs, namely, a generalized TUR and a tighter, more specific TUR. Our results validate that the generalized TUR is obeyed in all the working regimes of the SWAP engine, while the tighter TUR is violated in certain regimes.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
