Comprehensive study of generalized ghost dark energy in gravity: new insights into cosmic dynamics

M. Zeeshan Gul; M. Sharif; Shan Ali Qureshi; Baiju Dayanandan

doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-05966-1

2024 Impact factor 2.9

EPJ PLUS - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems

Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2025) 140: 18
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-05966-1

Regular Article

Comprehensive study of generalized ghost dark energy in $f (Q, L_{m})$ $f(\textit{Q}, \textit{L}_{m})$ gravity: new insights into cosmic dynamics

M. Zeeshan Gul¹^,2, M. Sharif¹^a, Shan Ali Qureshi¹ and Baiju Dayanandan³

¹ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, 1-KM Defence Road, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
² Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, 1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
³ Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman

^a msharif.math@pu.edu.pk

Received: 2 December 2024
Accepted: 1 January 2025
Published online: 10 January 2025

Abstract

This paper explores the generalized ghost dark energy model in the framework of $f (Q, L_{m})$ $f(\textit{Q}, \textit{L}_{m})$ gravity, where $Q$ $\textit{Q}$ represents the non-metricity scalar, and $L_{m}$ $\textit{L}_{m}$ denotes the matter-Lagrangian density. We take the homogeneous and isotropic universe with an ideal matter distribution and examine a scenario with interacting dark energy and dark matter. We then reconstruct $f (Q, L_{m})$ $f(\textit{Q}, \textit{L}_{m})$ model to examine the effects of this extended gravitational framework on the cosmic evolution. The behavior of numerous cosmic parameters is explored corresponding to distinct parametric values. The stability is evaluated by the squared sound speed method. The statefinder (r, s) and standard diagnostic pairs $(ω_{D} - ω_{D}^{'})$ $(\omega _D-\omega '_{D})$ are used to study the various cosmic eras. Our results align with recent observational evidence, indicating that the $f (Q, L_{m})$ $f(\textit{Q}, \textit{L}_{m})$ model effectively characterizes dark energy and cosmic evolution.

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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