https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05549-6
Regular Article
Heat and mass transfer of ternary nanofluid in permeable vertical channel sandwiched between nanofluid zones with Soret and Dufour effects using sensitivity analysis
1
Department of Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
3
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Mathematics, Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology, Davanagere, India
Received:
13
April
2024
Accepted:
8
August
2024
Published online:
24
August
2024
This study delves into the complexities of heat transfer and velocity distribution within a channel where a ternary nanoliquid flows, considering cross-diffusion effects. The amalgamation of these plasmonic nanoparticles holds significant promise, particularly in photothermal treatments. Moreover, employing a multilayer prototype in this research enhances the thermal transmission properties of nanoliquids, making them advantageous in fields such as cryogenics, solar technology, oil extraction, and biological settings. The study incorporates ternary and nanoliquids, with the fundamental equations being reduced to dimensionless under the assumption of low Reynolds numbers. These equations are then solved using the differential transform technique (DTM). Graphical representations provide a detailed analysis of the influence of parameters such as the Dufour effect, Soret effect, Sherwood number, and volumetric flow rate. The results underscore the positive impact of the thermal Grashof number on liquid flow. Conversely, including vortex viscosity in the model increases the velocity at the liquid–liquid interface. Furthermore, it has been found that pressure slows down the nanofluid’s flow due to the channel’s varying densities and viscosities. The temperature in the third region is lower than in the first two, so it can transmit more heat, which is beneficial for maintaining the fluid at its optimal temperature.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
