https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05541-0
Regular Article
Light propagation around a Kerr-like black hole immersed in an inhomogeneous anisotropic plasma in Rastall gravity: analytical solutions to the equations of motion
1
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Víctor Jara 3493, 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
2
Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Avenida Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile
3
Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaiso, Chile
Received:
3
December
2023
Accepted:
6
August
2024
Published online:
21
August
2024
In this paper, we explore the behavior of light ray trajectories in the exterior geometry of a rotating black hole within the Rastall theory of gravity, which is surrounded by an inhomogeneous anisotropic electronic cold plasma. By specifying the plasma’s frequency profile, we derive fully analytical solutions for the temporal evolution of spacetime coordinates using elliptic integrals and Jacobi elliptic functions. These solutions illustrate various possible orbits. Throughout the study, we compare the results with those in the vacuum case, emphasizing the influence of plasma. Additionally, we utilize the analytical solutions to establish the lens equation for the considered spacetime. The investigation also addresses the significance of spherical photon orbits on critical trajectories, by presenting several examples.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
