https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05472-w
Regular Article
Unraveling the composition and impact of atmospheric dust on the Taj Mahal
1
Archaeological Survey of India, C.G.O. Complex, Salt Lake, Sector I, 700064, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Tourism Administration, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, 431004, Aurangabad, India
Received:
2
January
2024
Accepted:
18
July
2024
Published online:
26
July
2024
This research deals into the comprehensive analysis of atmospheric dust particles affecting the iconic Taj Mahal at Agra. The study employs X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to unravel the mineralogical composition, structure, and morphological characteristics of the airborne dust. Results reveal quartz as a dominant mineral, indicative of its abrasive potential on marble surfaces, particularly during dust storm events prevalent in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The presence of iron oxides, specifically hematite and magnetite, in fine particles and even nanoparticles, further adds complexity to the weathering process. The airborne dust, originating from soil, exhibits a diverse mineral profile, including illite, kaolinite, feldspars, calcite, and montmorillonite. FTIR analysis further corroborates these findings, showcasing vibrations related to specific minerals like montmorillonite, chlorite, feldspars, and iron oxides. Interestingly, iron oxides contribute to crust formation on monument surfaces, creating reactive surfaces that attract additional soil minerals and support microbial activity. This research provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of airborne dust for the renowned structures facing environmental challenges.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
