Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2024) 139: 525
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05315-8

Regular Article

Modeling the interplay in spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium, ${\text{IP}}_3$, and phospholipase C-$\gamma$l in a fibroblast cell

DoM, S. V. National Institute of Technology, 395007, Surat, Gujarat, India

^a ankitkothiya1996@gmail.com

Received: 8 April 2024
Accepted: 24 May 2024
Published online: 14 June 2024

Abstract

The interconnected bioenergetic processes involving calcium (${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$), inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphophate (${\text{IP}}_3$), and phospholipase C-$\gamma$l ($\text{PLC}$) play a crucial role in regulating various mechanisms within the fibroblast. Disruptions in the dynamics of calcium, ${\text{IP}}_3$, or $\text{PLC}$ can lead to toxicity and cell death. While some studies have investigated the interactions between calcium and either ${\text{IP}}_3$ and $\text{PLC}$ individually, limited insights have been gained into the regulatory and dysregulatory processes within fibroblast cells. Moreover, there is a lack of research on the interplay among all three systems: ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$, ${\text{IP}}_3$, and $\text{PLC}$. To address this gap, a mathematical model was developed to study the cross-talk among these systems. The model incorporates two-way feedback processes between ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ and ${\text{IP}}_3$, as well as between ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ and $\text{PLC}$, facilitated by $\text{VGCC}$ and plasmalemmal ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$-ATPase ($\text{PMCA}$). This coupling mechanism automatically accounts for the indirect two-way feedback between ${\text{IP}}_3$ and $\text{PLC}$. Numerical simulations, performed using the $\text{FEM}$ with the Crank–Nicolson scheme (CNS), revealed novel insights into the regulatory and dysregulatory processes involving various factors such as buffers and ${\text{IP}}_3$ receptors through the $\text{PMCA}$ pump. The model, which also considers the buffer, $\text{SERCA}$ pump, and $\text{VGCC}$, sheds light on the interactive spatiotemporal dynamics of ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$, ${\text{IP}}_3$, and $\text{PLC}$ in fibroblast. Importantly, the study highlights that the behavior of crucial mechanisms differs significantly between interactions involving two systems ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ and $\text{PLC}$ and those involving all three systems ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$, ${\text{IP}}_3$, and $\text{PLC}$, owing to mutual regulatory adjustments. The research also explores the association between alterations in ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$, ${\text{IP}}_3$, and $\text{PLC}$ dynamics and various fibrotic disorders in fibroblasts.