https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05236-6
Regular Article
Grazing-sliding bifurcation induced extreme large-intensity pulses in 
laser
Division of Dynamics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
a kingston.cnld@gmail.com, leo.sahaya-tharsis@p.lodz.pl
Received:
18
December
2023
Accepted:
30
April
2024
Published online:
28
May
2024
We report the formation of extreme large-intensity pulses in an optically modulated CO2 laser. The sudden unexpected surge from the bounded chaotic motion into occasional expansions occurred in the system, which is rare but appears in an infrequent time interval. The CO2 laser exhibits unforeseen extreme pulses owing to the dynamical process of grazing-sliding bifurcation. To acquire a deeper understanding of its intricate dynamics, we have performed various comprehensive dynamical and statistical analyses that elucidate the transition of extreme pulses, and their emerging mechanisms. In addition, we have presented a prior anticipation technique of rare large-intensity pulses that will be shedding into the light for some specific applications.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
