https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04148-1
Regular Article
Effect of Zeeman field on Kármán vortex street in spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
1
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
2
Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Functional Materials of Gansu Province, 730070, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Basic Courses, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, 730070, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
Received:
11
January
2023
Accepted:
30
May
2023
Published online:
13
June
2023
The dynamics of three-component spin-1 BEC with a moving obstacle in a uniform Zeeman field are numerically investigated. Four vortex patterns are observed in all three components: stable laminar flow, vortex pairs, Kármán vortex street and irregular vortex. We focus on the effect of Zeeman field on vortex street. It is found that enhancement of the quadratic Zeeman effect would lead to decrease in the parameter region generating vortex streets and inhibit the generation of vortex streets. When quadratic Zeeman effect increases, the generation of vortex street requires larger obstacle diameter and velocity. In addition, it is interesting to note that the size of vortex decreases gradually with the increase in quadratic Zeeman effect. The drag force acting on the obstacles is calculated, and the mechanical mechanism for various vortex patterns is analyzed. Finally, an experimental protocol for the above realization and observation is provided.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
