https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04133-8
Regular Article
Bottom side partially etched D-shaped PCF biosensor for early diagnosis of cancer cells
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
3
Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Rajkiya Engineering College, Uttar Pradesh, Azamgarh, India
4
Physics Department, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine
c
anurag.upadhyay009@gmail.com
d
staya@iugaza.edu.ps
Received:
29
October
2022
Accepted:
23
May
2023
Published online:
8
June
2023
In this work, we developed a dual-side polished solid core (single transmission channel) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor that can efficiently detect cancer cells in the blood, adrenal gland, cervical, breast, and skin tissues, among other body parts. The concept of surface plasmon resonance has been exploited to conceive the functionality of our proposed PCF cancer sensor, and gold (Au) is used as an active metal to provide the plasmonic effect. The bottom portion of PCF has been partially etched and is coated with gold. Moreover, to uplift the plasmonic oscillations near the gold-PCF interface, its thickness (tAu) has been optimized to 40 nm. In our investigation, we have considered the liquid forms of both healthy and cancer-affected samples pertaining to their refractive indices. This is because it is easy to inject liquid samples into the sensing channel using capillaries or suction pumps. The cancer-affected liquid sample to be tested produces a distinct absorption peak in the form of a resonance wavelength when applied to the sensing area (gold-coated fiber), which is different from the absorption peak of the healthy sample. Sensitivity is measured using this shuffling of the absorption peak. Therefore, the wavelength sensitivities extracted from the proposed cancer sensor for adrenal gland cancer cells, blood cancer cells, breast cancer cells, cervical cancer cells, and skin cancer cells are 17,857.14 nm/RIU, 23,214.28 nm/RIU, 19,285.71 nm/RIU, 22,857.14 nm/RIU, 17,916.66 nm/RIU and 18,000 nm/RIU, respectively, including maximum detection limit 0.024. These numerical outcomes of our proposed cancer sensor prove its great credibility in cancer cell detection.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
