https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03802-y
Regular Article
The XYZ model by the series expansion of exponentials for spin matrices in the mean-field approximation
Department of Physics, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
Received:
3
February
2023
Accepted:
13
February
2023
Published online:
10
March
2023
The spin-1/2 XYZ model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is considered in the mean-field approximation (MFA) by the series expansion of exponentials for the spin matrices. The bilinear interaction parameters J, external magnetic field H and the DMI are included into the Hamiltonian and their effects are considered for the magnetization components of the model for various values of the coordination numbers. The formulation of the model is obtained for the general interactions but the illustrations are only presented for the antiferromagnetic (AFM) model. The temperature changes of magnetizations are analyzed in detail to obtain the phase transition behavior of the model. It is found that the model presents ferromagnetic (FM) and random or oscillatory phase region (R). The AFM phase is only presented when DMI is turned off. It is also found that the R and AFM phases present only the second-order phase transitions.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
