https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03595-6
Regular Article
Investigating dark energy by electromagnetic frequency shifts II: the Pantheon+ sample
1
Dipartimento di Fisica E. Pancini, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II (UNINA), Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 9 Edificio G, 80126, Naples, Italy
2
Sezione di Napoli, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 9 Edificio G, 80126, Naples, Italy
3
Institut Denis Poisson (IDP) UMR 7013, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d’Orléans (UO) et Université de Tours (UT), Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France
4
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace (LPC2E) UMR 7328, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), Université d’Orléans (UO), 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071, Orléans, France
5
UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Orléans (UO), Rue de Chartres, 45100, Orléans, France
6
Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers en region Centre (OSUC) UMS 3116, Université d’Orléans (UO), 1A rue de la Férollerie, 45071, Orléans, France
7
Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
Received:
22
November
2022
Accepted:
12
December
2022
Published online:
29
December
2022
Following results presented in Spallicci et al. (Eur Phys J Plus 137, 2022) by the same authors, we investigate the observed red shift z, working under the hypothesis that it might be composed by the expansion red shift 
and an additional frequency shift 
, towards the red or the blue, due to Extended Theories of Electromagnetism (ETE). We have tested this prediction considering the novel Pantheon+ Catalogue, composed by 1701 light curves collected by 1550 SNe Ia, and 16 BAO data, for different cosmological models characterised by the absence of a dark energy component. In particular, we shall derive which values of match the observations, comparing the new results with the ones obtained considering the older Pantheon Catalogue. We find interesting differences in the resulting distributions, highlighted in the text. Later, we also add a discussion regarding Extended Theories of Gravity and how to incorporate them in our methodology.
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