https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02917-y
Regular Article
Nanoparticles aggregation effects on unsteady stagnation point flow of hydrogen oxide-based nanofluids
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
Received:
9
January
2022
Accepted:
4
June
2022
Published online:
30
June
2022
New interest in the industrial sector is being generated by nanofluid with aggregation effects caused by nanoparticles, such as solar energy and cross-flow heat transfers. It emphasizes investigation of nonlinear radiation with aggregation effects on unsteady water-based nanofluid flows in three dimensions that are not axisymmetric. The modified Krieger–Dougarty and Maxwell–Bruggeman models may be used to assess nanoparticle aggregation. Under the imposed assumptions, equations governing the flow will be modelled. As a result of utilizing the similarity transformation, it is possible to reduce nonlinear partial differential equations that are not solvable precisely to a more compact system that contains just ordinary type differential equations. An algorithm will be used to solve the reduced version of the equations numerically. Runge–Kutta (RK) and the shooting methodology in Mathematica have been demonstrated to have considerable impact on the incidence of heat exchange and the mobility properties of nanofluids, thus the numerical findings provided in this article are based on this combination. For better heat transmission, copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles aggregated with water as the base fluid are utilized. The graphs show the impacts of the different related parameters on the velocity, temperature, local skin fraction and heat transfer profiles. These results show that increasing the amount of nanoparticles in the skin increases its heat transmission rate and its friction coefficient. Increasing the instability parameter increases the rate of heat transfer and the tendency between the friction coefficients of the skin. Instead, it was shown that the increase in the stress rate of the surrounding fluid delayed the separation of the boundary layer, helping to prevent it from happening. The fluctuation in Nusselt numbers is also presented in tables with a comparison between without and with radiation on aggregation effects of the nanoparticles model. To verify the findings, a contrast study was undertaken between the current research and previously published results for a specific instance, and excellent agreement was discovered.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022
