https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02480-6
Regular Article
Non-static charged complex structures in 
gravity
Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
Received:
23
December
2021
Accepted:
14
February
2022
Published online:
9
March
2022
This paper studies a few characteristics of the dynamical charged relativistic system by invoking the effects arising from the quasi-homologous evolution plus the zero complexity factor. We use a recently proposed modified gravitational theory known as , where 
, 
symbolize the Gauss–Bonnet scalar and squared trace of the stress–energy tensor, respectively. This theory was presented by the inclusion of a term proportional to 
in the standard action of 
gravity. To study the spherically symmetric gravitational structure in the presence of electromagnetic field, we formulate the relativistic equations of motion for a particular case 
with 
and 
are real constants. We find a range of analytical solutions for the relativistic systems evolving quasi-homologously and satisfying the condition 
, under the above-stated case. Some of the provided analytical solutions characterize the evolution of dynamical relativistic systems whose center is enclosed by a cavity. We observe that few of the provided solutions relax the Israel conditions and follow the Darmois matching constraints across the shells, whereas some solutions present thin shells by fulfilling the Israel conditions and relaxing the Darmois constraints. Finally, we discuss some expected applications of the provided solutions which are significant from an astrophysical point of view.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022
