Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2022) 137: 230
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02434-y

Regular Article

Modeling of pulsatile EMHD flow of non-Newtonian blood with magnetic particles in a tapered stenosed tube: a comparative study of actual and approximated drag force

EMHD flow of Bingham fluid

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Received: 2 September 2021
Accepted: 30 January 2022
Published online: 15 February 2022

Abstract

In recent years, theories of nanoparticles extensively feature in discussions of diagnostic and treatment of cardio-vascular diseases in the medical field. This paper proposes a mathematical model for the pulsatile flow of Bingham fluid blood with magnetic particles through a diseased artery. It is assumed that the artery has a porous medium and is tapered with mild stenosis. Further, it is subjected to an external body acceleration and an applied electromagnetic field. Instead of considering an approximate interaction force between the suspended particle and the fluid, the actual interaction force between them is considered in the current study. By introducing the term actual drag force in the momentum equation, flow governing equations are derived and solved using integral transform method. The impact of various pertinent parameters such as the yield stress, radius of the particle, particle concentration number, mass number, electric field intensity, magnetic field strength, stenosis geometry, and body acceleration number on the flow characteristics is analyzed through numerical calculations and graphs. The radius of the particle increases the speed of both fluid and particle. Both particle concentration and mass number increase the shear stress at the arterial wall. On the other hand, the electric width number and the permeability number considerably decrease its value. The body acceleration number increases the flow resistance for the fixed pressure gradient, and it is more in the diverging tube than the converging and non-tapering section of the tube. A comparative study of the flow variables with actual drag force and approximate drag force is examined along with the effects of actual interaction force in order to understand its remarkable influence on the magnitude of flow velocity, wall shear stress and flow resistance.