https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02265-3
Review
Challenges for FCC-ee luminosity monitor design
Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
Received:
5
May
2021
Accepted:
4
December
2021
Published online:
3
January
2022
For cross section measurements, an accurate knowledge of the integrated luminosity is required. The FCC-ee physics programme at and around the Z pole sets the ambitious precision goal of 
on the absolute luminosity measurement and one order of magnitude better on the relative measurement between energy scan points. The luminosity is determined from the rate of Bhabha scattering, 
, where the final state electrons and positrons are detected in dedicated monitors covering small angles from the outgoing beam directions. The constraints on the luminosity monitors are multiple: (i) they are placed inside the main detector volume only about 1 m from the interaction point; (ii) they are centred around the outgoing beam directions and do not satisfy the normal axial detector symmetry; (iii) their coverage is limited by the beam pipe, on the one hand, and by the requirement to stay clear of the main detector acceptance, on the other; (iv) the steep angular dependence of the Bhabha scattering process imposes a precision on the acceptance limits at about 1 
rad, corresponding to an absolute geometrical precision of 
on the monitor radial dimensions; and v) the very high bunch-crossing rate of 50 MHz during the Z-pole operation calls for fast readout electronics. Inspired by second-generation LEP luminosity monitors, which achieved an experimental precision of 
on the absolute luminosity measurement (Abbiendi et al. in Eur Phys J C 14:373–425, 2000), a proposed ultra-compact solution is based on a sandwich of tungsten-silicon layers. A vigorous R &D programme is needed in order to ensure that such a solution satisfies the more challenging FCC-ee requirements.
© The Author(s) 2021. corrected publication 2022
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