Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2021) 136: 417
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01434-8

Regular Article

Lorentz-violating scenarios in a thermal reservoir

Departamento de Física, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), C.P. 6030, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

^a dilto@fisica.ufc.br

Received: 29 November 2020
Accepted: 12 April 2021
Published online: 20 April 2021

Abstract

In this work, we analyze the thermodynamic properties of the graviton and the generalized model involving anisotropic Podolsky and Lee–Wick terms with Lorentz violation. We build up the so-called partition function from the accessible states of the system seeking the following thermodynamic functions: spectral radiance, mean energy, Helmholtz free energy, entropy and heat capacity. Besides, we verify that when the temperature rises, the spectral radiance $\chi (\nu )$ tends to attenuate for fixed values of $\xi$. Notably, when parameter ${\eta }_2$ increases, the spectral radiance $\overline{\chi }({\eta }_2,\nu )$ weakens until reaching a flat characteristic. Finally, for both theories, we perform the calculation of the modified black body radiation and the correction to the Stefan–Boltzmann law in the inflationary era of the universe.