Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2019) 134: 77
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2019-12433-5

Regular Article

Simulation of natural convection of Fe₃O₄-water ferrofluid in a circular porous cavity in the presence of a magnetic field

¹ School of Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266110, Qingdao, China
² School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
³ FAST, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, 86400, Johor State, Malaysia
⁴ Public Authority of Applied Education & Training, College of Technological Studies, Applied Science Department, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
⁵ Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad Campus, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
⁶ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, 143-747, Seoul, Korea
⁷ Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, 38505, Cookeville, TN, USA
⁸ Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

^* e-mail: Houman.Babazadehrokni@alumni.du.edu

Received: 23 April 2017
Accepted: 27 November 2018
Published online: 26 February 2019

Abstract

In the current paper, natural convection of ferrofluid through a permeable medium has been simulated by using a new method (CVFEM). To predict nanofluid characteristics, a single-phase model has been utilized. The roles of the Darcy number, the Hartmann number, the concentration of ferrofluid, and buoyancy forces are displayed in the results. Outputs display that temperature detracts with the augmentation of buoyancy forces and permeability. Augmenting Lorenz forces makes temperature to enhance. A stronger magnetic field can decrease the ferrofluid velocity.