Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2019) 134: 30
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2019-12406-8

Regular Article

Nanofluid heat transfer in a porous duct in the presence of Lorentz forces using the lattice Boltzmann method

¹ School of Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266110, Qingdao, China
² School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, 2522, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
⁴ Renewable energy systems and nanofluid applications in heat transfer Laboratory, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
⁵ Department Of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gujarat Science College, Ahmedabad, India
⁶ FAST, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, 86400, Parit Raja, Johor State, Malaysia
⁷ Public Authority of Applied Education and Training, College of Technological Studies, Applied Science Department, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
⁸ Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan

^* e-mail: akhilsmittal@gmail.com

Received: 18 January 2018
Accepted: 15 November 2018
Published online: 18 January 2019

Abstract

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a nanofluid through a permeable duct was analyzed via the mesoscopic approach. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was selected to portray the impacts of magnetic (Ha) , Reynolds (Re) and Darcy (Da) numbers on the nanofluid behavior. Copper oxide nanoparticles were dispersed into H₂O. The properties of the fluid were predicted considering Brownian motion. Outputs illustrate that a thinner thermal boundary layer can be seen with augment of Da and Ra . Employing a magnetic field can enhance the Nu_ave.