https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06691-5
Regular Article
Environmental modulation of gene expression dynamics: temperature, pH, and coupling-dependent stability in transcriptional networks
Department of Physics, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
Received:
7
June
2025
Accepted:
23
July
2025
Published online:
9
August
2025
Gene expression is the primary process of life that determines the function and behavior of cells; however, its mathematical modeling, especially under the influence of environmental factors, and gene network needs to improve. This study models gene expression under temperature and pH changes in single- and coupled gene networks. Lower temperatures stabilize transcription, while acidic pH influences mRNA levels, with coupling buffering extremes. Protein degradation reduces mRNA, while mRNA degradation induces oscillations; high protein degradation leads to chaos, stabilized by coupling. Coupled genes show sustained expression versus single genes’ peaks and decay, indicating homeostatic control. Lyapunov analysis reveals chaos-stability transitions influenced by degradation and coupling. Environmental factors and delays cause wave-like patterns modulated by coupling. The research provides a framework for designing stable synthetic gene networks with controlled expression.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
