https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06671-9
Regular Article
Enhancing thermal systems with graphene oxides nanofluids and hybrid optimization in twisted tube heat exchangers
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, 522213, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Received:
8
May
2025
Accepted:
17
July
2025
Published online:
8
August
2025
Previous research on twisted tube heat exchangers (TTHE) has faced challenges such as the low thermal conductivity of conventional fluids, instability of nanofluids over time, and the computational complexity of optimizing multi-objective parameters like heat transfer and pressure drop. Limited integration of advanced optimization algorithms has further hindered comprehensive performance improvements. This research investigates the efficiency of a compact heat transfer system utilizing a novel TTHE design with graphene oxide nanofluids as the coolant. Graphene oxide nanofluids are chosen for the superior thermal conductivity and stability, enabling enhanced heat transfer without significant impacts on viscosity or pressure drop. TTHE, known for inducing enhanced turbulence is tested under varying conditions with this advanced coolant blend. To optimize performance, a hybrid approach integrating a pyramid dilated convolution residual network and the zebra optimization algorithm is employed. The residual network model accurately predicted the system’s thermal behavior, while the zebra algorithm identified optimal operational parameters, ensuring peak efficiency. Experimental results validate the novel heat exchanger design and coolant blend, demonstrating significant improvements in energy efficiency and heat transfer performance. Based on the comparative evaluation, GOETZE exhibited the highest thermal conductivity (0.823 W/mK), maximum heat transfer coefficient (1178 W/m2K), and superior energy efficiency (91.8%) among the tested coolants. It also achieved the lowest pressure drop (24.6 kPa) and operational cost ($3.5/h), along with the highest system stability (820 h), establishing it as a highly effective and economical coolant choice for enhancing heat exchanger performance.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
