https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06603-7
Regular Article
Impact of pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 observations on 
gravity
1
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, 1-KM Defence Road, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, AZ1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
Received:
6
September
2024
Accepted:
30
June
2025
Published online:
16
July
2025
The main objective of this study is to investigate the viability and stability of a pulsar filled with anisotropic matter in gravity, where 
represents non-metricity and 
is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. In this context, we employ non-singular solution and a particular model of this gravity. We use junction conditions to evaluate unknown constants in the metric coefficients. Observations from the pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 star are employed to validate the model, producing stable configurations that address both geometric and physical characteristics. This framework establishes relationships between various physical quantities, including fluid parameters, anisotropy, mass-radius relation, redshift, the Zeldovich condition, energy conditions, causality conditions, adiabatic index, Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, the equation of state parameter, and compactness. Our findings confirm the viability and stability of the proposed pulsar star in this theoretical framework.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
