https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06522-7
Regular Article
Impact of WO3 on some ionizing radiation shielding properties of the soda–lime–silica (SLS) recycling waste glasses
1
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Physics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
5
Physics Department, Al-Azhar University, 71524, Asyut, Egypt
6
Reactors Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
Received:
25
March
2025
Accepted:
5
June
2025
Published online:
1
July
2025
The goal of this study is to find out how adding WO3 to recycled waste soda–lime–silica glass (WSLSG) changes the way it shields different types of ionizing radiation. A NaI(Tl) detector was used to perform experimental gamma-ray attenuation experiments utilizing cesium (137Cs) and cobalt (60Co) gamma sources through [WO3](x) [0.2Bi2O3–0.3ZnO–0.2B2O3–0.3SLS](1-x) glass mixtures (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mol%). Additionally, a wide range of gamma-ray energy, varied from 0.015 to 15 MeV, was theoretically investigated using the Phy-X/PSD software for evaluating gamma-ray shielding effectiveness through the investigated WSLSG composites. Some a main related gamma-ray attenuation parameters were computed. The descending order of transmission factor (TF) for specific sample thicknesses and incident gamma-ray energies is: 
. Furthermore, the macroscopic removal cross section (MRCS) and fast neutron removal cross section (FNRCS) were calculated using the Phy-X/PSD and MRCScal software, respectively. The neutron activation and scattering calculator was used to determine the total macroscopic cross section (Σth) for thermal neutrons. According to the results, the W4 composite had the highest FNRCS and MRCS values, 0.108061 and 0.120370, respectively, while the W5 and W1 composites had the lowest and highest TMCS (Σth) values, 0.537507 and 0.543824 cm−1, respectively. Additionally, SRIM Monte Carlo software was used to simulate the range (R) of certain ions across a wide energy range varied from 0.01 to 20 MeV. The ESTAR NIST program was used to compute the TSP and continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) ranges for electron interactions across an electron energy range varied from 0.01 to 1000 MeV. The density and mean excitation energy (I) both rise when the WO3 mol% increases.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
