https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06407-9
Regular Article
MHD natural convection of non-Newtonian Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid in a square porous cavity by Dupuit–Darcy model
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Médéa University, Medea, Algeria
2
(LMP2M) Physical Mechanics and Mathematical Modeling Laboratory, Medea, Algeria
3
Petroleum Institute, Company of Sonatrach, Boumerdes, Algeria
4
Renewable Energy and Materials Laboratory (LERM), Medea University, Medea, Algeria
5
Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, 35004, Doha District, Kuwait
Received:
27
November
2024
Accepted:
7
May
2025
Published online:
28
May
2025
This research numerically examines the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection of a shear-thinning nanofluid, (SWCNT-water), within a square porous medium subjected to the magnetic field. The fluid flow is modeled using the Dupuit–Darcy model, while the Carreau–Yasuda model is employed to describe the apparent viscosity. The horizontal walls are considered adiabatic, whereas the vertical walls experience differential heating. The governing equations have been resolved using the finite difference method, and the outcomes are presented in form of graphs and contours. The results demonstrate that the Carreau–Yasuda rheological parameters exert a considerable influence on fluid flow as well as on the convection rate. As the fluid displays a greater degree of shear-thinning behavior, the flow intensity increases, resulting in an enhancement of the convection rate. Nevertheless, an augmentation in the Hartmann number Ha and the inertial effect parameter G gives rise to a diminution in fluid flow and convection strength, with conduction becoming the predominant mechanism at elevated values. Moreover, the Lorentz force impedes the shear-thinning behavior of the nanofluid, thereby stabilizing its viscosity. An elevated concentration of SWCNTs has been observed to facilitate heat transfer, despite an accompanying increase in fluid effective viscosity. It has been determined that an inclination angle of 30° represents the optimal configuration for maximizing convection.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
