https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06354-5
Regular Article
Modeling and managing chaos: a fear-affected discretized prey–predator system with Allee Effect
1
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied and Basic Sciences, SGT University, 122505, Gurugram, Haryana, India
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Dhaka, 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, 05006, Seoul, South Korea
Received:
13
February
2025
Accepted:
22
April
2025
Published online:
15
May
2025
This paper investigates the dynamics of a two-dimensional discretized prey–predator model, the effects of fear, and the Allee phenomenon in prey populations. A comprehensive analysis of equilibrium points and their stability is conducted, along with exploring bifurcation phenomena, including Flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations. The influence of complex network interactions on system dynamics is also examined. Numerical simulations reveal the presence of chaotic behavior under certain parametric conditions. To address this instability, the OGY chaos control method is applied to regulate chaos and stabilize the system. The results offer valuable insights into how fear effects, Allee thresholds, and network structures influence ecological systems, enhancing the understanding of population stability and chaotic fluctuations in predator–prey relationships.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
