https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06298-w
Regular Article
Beam energy dependence of transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow in Au–Au collisions using HYDJET++ model
1
Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India
2
Discipline of Natural Sciences, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing, 482005, Jabalpur, India
3
Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
a
satyanayak@bhu.ac.in
b bksingh@bhu.ac.in, director@iiitdmj.ac.in
Received:
24
December
2024
Accepted:
4
April
2025
Published online:
9
May
2025
In this work, we present the particle ratios, transverse momentum spectra, and elliptic flow (
) of 
p, and 
in Au–Au collisions at 
62.4, 39.0, 27.0, 19.6 and 11.5 GeV using HYDJET++ model. The particle ratios match the experimental data that validates the Cleymans-Reidlich parameterization of freeze-out parameters at lower beam energies under the HYDJET++ framework. The lower collision energies produce a system of high baryon chemical potential (
) and have a lower inelastic cross section. The interplay between these effects affects the overall shape of the 
spectra. The HYDJET++ model calculations for spectra agree well with the available experimental data. The invariant yield ratio of central and peripheral collisions is independent of beam energy. The elliptic flow is calculated based on the scaling between initial and final azimuthal spatial anisotropy (k). This interpretation of successfully describes the experimental data for all the collision energies studied in this work. The positive correlation of k with beam energy leads to a small at lower collision energies. The hadrons containing strange quarks tend to have smaller values of k than the non-strange hadrons.
Copyright comment Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
