https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06288-y
Review
Introduction to black hole thermodynamics
School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, 08540, Princeton, NJ, USA
Received:
22
March
2025
Accepted:
29
March
2025
Published online:
22
May
2025
These notes aim to provide an introduction to the basics of black hole thermodynamics. After explaining Bekenstein’s original proposal that black holes have entropy, we discuss Hawking’s discovery of black hole radiation, its analog for Rindler space in the Unruh effect, the Euclidean approach to black hole thermodynamics, some basics about von Neumann entropy and its applications, the Ryu–Takayanagi formula, and the nature of a white hole.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
