https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06256-6
Regular Article
Harnessing the synergistic potential of coprecipitation-induced Ag3PO4 nanoparticles for environmental and biological contamination
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2
Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box 114, Jazan, 45152, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Physical Sciences, Physics Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, 45142, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, 45142, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
6
Nanotechnology Research Unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
a
madam@jazanu.edu.sa
b
skali@jazanu.edu.sa
Received:
12
December
2024
Accepted:
24
March
2025
Published online:
30
April
2025
Silver phosphate (Ag3PO4), often known as silver phosphate, has recently been the subject of research due to its role in deactivating microorganisms and breaking down organic and inorganic pollutants. This is attributed to its high quantum yield. In the following study, we synthesized Ag3PO4 nanoparticles (NPs) by a simple and easy coprecipitation route to study its photocatalytic and antibacterial proficiency against Alizarin Red S and various pathogens, respectively. The synthesized sample was characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The photocatalytic degradation experiment shows 85% alizarin red S dye degradation by using 5 mg catalyst. The pH 7 was found to be optimal for photodegradation as compared to acidic or alkaline pH. The concentration and time graph showed that the degradation rate also increased with the increase of time. Furthermore, various bacterial and fungal pathogens were used to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of Ag3PO4. The findings demonstrated the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of Ag₃PO₄. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) confirms that increasing nanoparticle (NP) concentration improved pathogen inhibition. The results also showed that the lowest fungal inhibition concentration for Candida albicans fungus was 14 mm, whereas the highest bacterial inhibition concentration against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 25 mm.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
